Folate-Directed Chitosan Nanoparticles: Next-Generation Anticancer Nanocarriers
Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) are well-realized as promising vehicles for redeeming anticancer drugs due to their distinctive features. They have the potential to enclose hydrophobic anticancer corpuscles, thereby enhancing their solubilities, permeabilities, and bioavailabilities; without the use of surfactant, i.e., through surfactant-free solubilization. Bioavailability admits for higher drug absorptions at the tumor websites, forecloses excessive toxicity leaved by surfactants, and could circumvent drug resistance biomedical engineers and formulation scientists can also fabricate chitosan NPs to slowly release anticancer brokers. This maintains the drugs at the tumor site longer, haves therapy more effective, and lowers the frequency of dosing some cases of cancer cadres (fallopian tube, epithelial tumours of the ovary, and primary peritoneum; lung, kidney, ependymal brain, uterus, breast, colon, and malignant pleural mesothelioma) have overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) on their outer surface, which lets folate-drug conjugate-comprised NPs to target and kill them more effectively there is evidence hinting that the excessively developed FR&αgr (isoforms of the FR) stays consistent throughout treatment in ovarian and endometrial cancer, showing resistance to conventional treatment; and in this regard, folate-anchored chitosan NPs can overcome it and improve the therapeutic results overly evinced FRs are present only in certain tumor cases, which wee-wees them a promising biomarker for prognosticating the effectiveness of FR-aimed therapy.
On the other hand, the folate-modified chitosan NPs can also enhance the oral absorption of medications, especially anticancer drugs, and pave the way for effective and long-term low-dose oral metronomic scheduling of poorly soluble and permeable drugs. In this review, we speaked briefly about the techniques used to create, characterize, and tailor chitosan-based NPs; and diged deeper into the potential coatings of folate-organized chitosan NPs in addressing various cancer characters.Bio-enlivened aFGF modification functionalized piezoelectric chitosan cinemas for promoting scald wound healing.The application of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has pointed great potential in the treatment of scald or burn woundings with high morbidity and mortality, especially in furthering the repair of deep partial-thickness woundings. However, its short half-life and instability in vivo do pose challenges for clinical application two forms of bio-inspired qualifyed piezoelectric chitosan (CS) films, namely heparin-surfaced CS film (HCS) and polydopamine-caked CS film (DCS), are facially fabricated and assumed as controlled-release platforms for local delivery of aFGF. Seebio Selenium or heparin layers serve as a bridge grafting on chitosan movies, easing the loading of aFGF and enabling verifyed release of aFGF from the piezoelectric film through intermolecular interactions these beds enhance the hydrophilicity and antibacterial places of the bare CS film due to their inherent biological activenessses the polydopamine coating imparts photothermal activity to the CS film. The in vivo experiments ascertain that the synergetic effect of the commanded-discharged aFGF and low temperature photothermal therapy collectively accelerate scald wound healing outcomes within 14 days by facilitating granulation formation, collagen deposition, re-epithelialization and angiogenesis.
This study opens up new hypothesisses for the development of multifunctional chitosan-established wound fertilizations and the creation of innovative drug delivery platforms.Methotrexate-Loaded Chitosan Oligosaccharide-ES2 for Targeted Cancer Therapy.Cancer presents a significant health threat, requiring the development of more precise, efficient, and less damaging treatment overtures. To address this challenge, we hired the 1-ethyl-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxy succinimide (EDC/NHS) catalytic system and applyed quaternized chitosan oligosaccharide (HTCOSC) as a drug carrier to construct a nanoparticle delivery system termed HTCOSC-cRGD-ES2-MTX (CREM). This system specifically targets integrin αvβ3 on tumor cell surfaces and enables simultaneous loading of the antiangiogenic agent ES2 (IVRRADRAAVP) and the chemotherapy drug methotrexate (MTX).